Vernacular Definition and Examples

Vernacular is the language of a particular group, profession, region, or country, especially as spoken rather than formally written. Since the rise of sociolinguistics in the 1960s, interest in vernacular forms of English speech has developed rapidly. As R.L. Trask has pointed out, vernacular forms are now seen as every bit as worthy of study as standard varieties (Language and Linguistics: Key Concepts, 2007). Examples and Observations Around the middle of the fourteenth century English began to be accepted as an appropriate language for government, law, and literature. In response to this wider use of the vernacular, a debate over its suitability as a means of communicating scripture and theology began in the 1300s.(Judy Ann Ford, John Mirks Festial. DS Brewer, 2006)The Elizabethans had discovered once and for all the artistic power of the vernacular and had freed native writers from a crippling sense of inferiority, for which the classical languages and the classicists were largely responsible.(Richard Foster Jones, The Triumph of the English Language. Stanford University Press, 1953)The BCP [Book of Common Prayer] allowed for celebrations in Latin ..., but required that worship should normally be conducted in a language understanded of the people. Vernacular liturgy was a reform for which Roman Catholics had to wait another 400 years.(Alan Wilson, The Book of Common Prayer, Part 1: An English Ragbag. The Guardia n, Aug. 23, 2010 Writers on Writing: Using The Vernacular   Mark Twain ... transformed elements of regional vernacular speech into a medium of uniquely American literary expression and thus taught us how to capture that which is essentially American in our folkways and manners. For indeed the vernacular process is a way of establishing and discovering our national identity. (Ralph Ellison, Going to the Territory. Random House, 1986)American writers were ... the first to intuit that the catchall web of the vernacular reflected the mind at its conscious level. The new melodious tongue shaped the writer to a greater extent than he shaped the language. (Wright Morris, About Fiction. Harper, 1975)  [W]hen I interrupt the velvety smoothness of my more or less literate syntax with a few sudden words of bar-room vernacular, that is done with the eyes wide open and the mind relaxed but attentive. (Raymond Chandler, letter to Edward Weeks, January 18, 1948)Ive always wanted to bring the books down closer and closer to the characters—to get myself, the narrator, out of it as much as I can. And one of the ways to do this is to use the language that the characters actually speak, to use the vernacular, and not ignoring the grammar, the formality of it, to bend it, to twist it, so you get a sense that you are hearing it, not reading it.(Roddy Doyle, quoted by  Caramine White in Reading Roddy Doyle. Syracuse University Press, 2001 Two Worlds of Writing Theres a newish world of writing where lots of people are busy all hours of the day and night emailing, tweeting, and blogging on the internet. Students startle their professors by sending chatty emails using the slang they write to buddies on Facebook. Much writing in this new world is a kind of speaking onto the screen; indeed, plenty of people, especially literate people, dont consider this writing to be writing. Email? Thats not writing! Actually, people have been writing in everyday vernacular spoken language for centuries in diaries, informal personal letters, grocery lists, and exploratory musings to figure out their feelings or thoughts. ...So in one world of writing, people feel free to speak onto the screen or page; in the other, people feel pressured to avoid speech on the page. I wont join the chorus of literate commentators who lament all the bad writing in the world of email and web. I see problems with writing in both worlds. Id say that most writing is not very good, whether its literate writing or e-writing, and whether it comes from students, amateurs, well-educated people, or learned scholars.(Peter Elbow, Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing. Oxford Univ. Press, 2012) The New Vernacular ​​Like its antecedents, the new  vernacular represents a democratic impulse, an antidote to vanity and literary airs. Its friendly, its familiar. But familiar in both senses. The new vernacular imitates spontaneity but sounds rehearsed. It has a franchised feel, like the chain restaurant that tells its patrons, Youre family.In part this is just a matter of clichà ©. Some writers try to casualize their prose with friendly phrases such as you know or you know what? Or even um, as in um, hel-lo? ...The new vernacular writer is studiedly sincere. Sincere even when ironic, ironically sincere. Whatever its other goals, the first purpose of such prose is ingratiation. Of course, every writer wants to be liked, but this is prose that seeks an instant intimate relationship. It makes aggressive use of the word you—bet you thought—and even when the you is absent, it is implied. The writer works hard to be lovable.(Tracy Kidder and Richard Todd, Good Prose: The Art of Nonfiction. Random House, 2013) Vernacular Rhetoric [N]arratives of vernacular rhetoric can afford a certain accuracy in gauging public opinion that otherwise is unavailable. Were leaders to hear these opinions and take them seriously, the quality of public discourse might take a positive turn. Understanding peoples concerns and why they hold them holds promise for helping leaders to communicate with societys active members rather than manipulating them.(Gerard A. Hauser, Vernacular Voices: The Rhetoric of Publics and Public Spheres. Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1999) The Lighter Side of the Vernacular [Edward Kean] once said that he was probably best known for coining the word cowabunga (originally spelled with a k) as a greeting for Chief Thunderthud, a character on [The Howdy Doody Show]. The word has become part of American vernacular, used by the cartoon character Bart Simpson and by the crime-fighting Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. (Dennis Hevesi, Edward Kean, Chief Writer of ‘Howdy Doody,’ Dies at 85. The New York Times, Aug. 24, 2010) Pronunciation: ver-NAK-ye-ler EtymologyFrom the Latin, native

Diabetes Is A Disease - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 683 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/02 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people around the world. It changes the lifestyle of those it inflicts, to where they are incapable of doing certain things. Diabetes is a disease that there are different types of. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Diabetes Is A Disease" essay for you Create order Type 1 Diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is when your body cannot produce the hormone insulin(Diabetes). While Type 2 Diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes, is like Type 1, however, it has the added effect of not processing insulin as well(Diabetes). Among the nearly 26 million American adults and children living with diabetes there is an elite group of professional athletes, who have not to succumb to their condition and have achieved greatness(Bryan). These are a few life stories about these men and women. The Olympics is where some of the most athletic people in the world go to. These men and women train for hours on end to perfect there event and hope that their hard work will pay off. When Olympic swimmer Gary Hall Jr. learned he had type 1 diabetes while training for the 2000 summer games in Sydney, Australia he was devastated(Bryan). How he learned of his condition when he was training, he fought exhaustion, dehydration, and an inexplicable 20-pound drop in weight, and one day when he fainted he was rushed to the hospital. He then learned that he had type 1 diabetes. Despite this his determination to strive for gold was relentless. Instead of listening to his doctors who told him to should stop his training he instead learned all he could about diabetes and how he could manage it with rigorous training. When learned that the key to managing his diabetes was his diet He first drastically changed his diet to watch his calorie and carbohydrate intake. So his diet consisted of yogurt, fruit, skinny pasta and performance bars all with the thought that these would make him perform without debilitation(Darby). He also put himself through an extreme exercise regimen for Olympic athletes which pushed his body to the limits. The combination of these two things and his determination won him two gold medals, a silver, and a bronze at the 2000 Olympics. One of the most popular worldwide sports, baseball is beloved by many. It is a game know to be the everymans game meaning anyone can play baseball even someone with diabetes can play professionally. This man is David Boomer Wells was a major league baseball pitcher who played for many teams but was considered to be one of the better left-handed pitchers in the league during his time. Especially during his years with the New York Yankees and the Toronto Blue Jays. He was also the one to pitch the 15 perfect game in baseball history in 1998(Baseball). This was amazing considering on March 2006 he told his fans that he had type 2 diabetes. At the time, he told the media he was concerned but vowed to make lifestyle changes, to beat it(Bryan). He was lucky to be diagnosed with it near the end of his baseball career instead of during it. However, this did not change the fact he needed to make huge lifestyle changes. Since the only thing he had at that age to combat diabetes was his diet because age had gotten to him at this point. Having to cut most of his diet he was still able to pitch a final few seasons before retiring. He has changed his career from a baseball player to a baseball commentator and active supporter of fighting diabetes. So researching this topic made me realize that even though there may be unfair situations in life there are still ways to overcome shortcomings and succeed. Diabetes is just one disease that has affected millions of great people, and there are even more diseases out there that can tear families apart. However, if there are people to inspire the hope in the afflicted sharing what they are going through I feel the world will change. So to all those who dream of achieving greatness even though you might have a handicap compared to others dont let that stop you.

Funding in Issaquah School District Free Essays

The responsibility for managing the finances of Issaquah School District lies with the superintendent and the School Board, although it is regulated by state law and is under instructions from the Superintendent of Public Instruction. There are guidelines for budgeting, accounting and financial reporting, which all district schools must follow. School districts plan and formulate a budget before the start of the school year. We will write a custom essay sample on Funding in Issaquah School District or any similar topic only for you Order Now The budget is formed in accordance to the stipulations of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The finance department handles money related functions like budgeting, accounting, payroll and benefits, purchasing, accounts payable and receivable, inventory control and asset management. The school district also includes several individual businesses like transport business, food service business, and a child care business. All these are operated on the lines of business model, to ensure accountability and proper use of public funds. In July 2004, a Policy Governance system was introduced by the school board, requiring routine reports on the status and developments occurring in every aspect of district operation. The financial monitoring reports are reviewed several times a year, by the school board. The setting of the school budget requires about a year’s time, and its working is always done for the subsequent year. It requires a four-month time for the completing of the preliminary works like receiving directions for budget setting from Superintendent, legislature, and administrators beginning to work on the budget process. Another four-month period is also required for the drafting of the budget and finalizing the budget, respectively. Apart from gifts and grants received, Issaquah gets less in funding. There are three sources of funding for school districts; namely the federal, state and local taxes. Issaquah gets less funding from all three sources, compared to any other districts. The Issaquah school district ranks 272nd in the revenue per pupil, among the districts in the state. It must be noted here that there are only 296 districts in the state in 2006-07. However many people consider Issaquah as a rich district, unaware of the realities and effects of the lesser funding. School funding is an important agenda debated in Washington’s State legislative and budget panning sessions. In 2006-07, Issaquah received only about $395,000 in federal Title I funding which is aimed at remedial reading programs for the disadvantaged students. This should be compared with other King County districts which get even millions in this fund. The fact that a significant population of Issaquah is considerably affluent, is attributed as the cause for the low funding. In the 1970s, when education was equalized, some districts like Everett and Northshore paid higher salaries to their teachers. Today the state pays about $2000 more per year to an Everett teacher, when compared to an Issaquah teacher. In terms of local funding too, Issaquah treads behind several other districts due to gap in levy authority. Issaquah would collect $6. 4 million more each year if it had the levy authority similar to that of Bellevue, or collected $9. 2 million more per year if it had the levy authority of Mercer Island. In Issaquah, the under-funding of special education by the state is estimated to be around $2. 5 million per year, which is adjusted by local levy dollars. As the local levy dollars cannot be used for supporting other classroom programs, all the students are affected. It is estimated that the under-funding of special education by the Washington State is nearly $200 million per year. On September 30, 2004, about twelve school districts joined together and filed a case against the state for failing to provide the necessary funds for the special education programs. The courts have ruled that Washington State is obliged to fully fund the basic and special education in the district schools. How to cite Funding in Issaquah School District, Papers

Roles of Directors in Change Management

Question: Discuss about theRoles of Directors in Change Management. Answer: Introduction The environment of operation of most establishments is characterized by perpetual revolution. Similarly, the profession of early childhood development in Australia experiences some transformations as the approaches deployed in the occupation keeps on changing. Notably, the most important changes commenced in the 1980s and were introduced by the publication of the Australian Government's National Early Childhood Development Strategy, Investing in the Early Years (Andrade, 2016). All change requires an effective plan, the success of which depends on the various techniques put in place to manage the possible resistance. This paper seeks to discuss the roles of a team leader in the process of change management and further analyze the various organization norms that need to be transformed to enhance the success of the change management process. Roles of a Team Leader in Change Management Process The success of any organizational change significantly depends on the leaders as they possess then needed authority and influence to plan and efficiently execute the change process. Most good leaders exhibit superior emotional intelligence that enhances their capacity to exercise control over their followers and ultimately capturing their attentions as well as emotions to prepare them for a change (Muijs et al., 2004). More often the needed amendment starts with leader; he should have the understanding of the change and efficiently communicate the vital information to the followers. As a leader of a team, the director is expected to have the following roles concerning effective change management; Documentation For a change to be effective there a necessity for a coherent picture and representation of what is currently happening in the organization as well as the expected outcome of the modification. As such, the director has an obligation to lead the team in establishing a clear vision by developing a work plan for the likely change. The director needs to put down the activities and the steps, clearly showing the order of the steps and the duties and responsibilities in the respective steps. Documentation is crucial in eliminating the fear of the unknown among the followers as it significantly creates assurance and positive mindset that enables the stakeholders to support change rather than resisting (Trawick-Smith, 2013). Communication In creating awareness, it is prudent for the leader to communicate the reasons why the organization needs the change to the employees. Ideally, the director should include the employees at the initial stages of effecting the change to be able to avoid future resistance. Moreover, the employees more often have good ideas that can help in developing the organization, thus, through communication; they get an avenue of communicating their thoughts and suggestions to their leader (Appelbaum et al., 2016). Communication also allows participation of the entire workforce further making the employees feel acknowledged and important to the organization. The manager should include as many as possible in the change process and get them feel involved and respected. Consequently, the members of the team will deeply understand the need for the change and the anticipated benefits which in turn improves their acceptance of the modification. It is noteworthy that effective communication reduces the risk of resistance as the employees will find it better to fight for the change to be able to enjoy the associated benefits ((Jansen, 2000). Building a Team The director has the responsibility of building a team with a perfect mix of skills that provides the basis for the change. The team leader is expected to identify committed individuals with the right expertise and competence, bring together with a primary aim of enhancing a good teamwork. An efficient team significantly aids the process of change by improving the communication between the members of the group and further gives the director a chance to influence the mindset of the members to make them ready for the change (Rodd, 2012). Moreover, building great team assists in eliminating conflicting interest among the team members. The director should put more focus in making the members have a common goal of ensuring successful change implementation. There are various team building activities that should be deployed by the leader to achieve better results. Such activities include passing of vital information to members, decision making and activities aimed at improving trust. Notably, confidence is essential for successful change implementation and therefore the leader should put emphasize on developing trust between among the members (Keen et al., 2005). Providing Resources to Remove the Obstacles Change is prevalent in the profession of early child development and therefore adjusting to the constant transformations is vital for survival (King et al., 2009). However, effective change execution comes at a cost. It is the responsibility of the leader to avail adequate resources needed for the change process. As such, it is prudent for the director to make a budget detailing the total costs of all the materials required for the change process and organize with the management to solicit funds. Mainly, Change management process include expenditures such as expenses incurred when organizing training and seminars aimed at creating awareness of the needed change. Moreover, the team building process is a cost center that needs significant attention (King et al., 2009) Importantly, the leader needs to do a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. The breakdown is vital as it shows whether the change is of significance to the organization. For a change to be viable, the benefits associated with the cost should outweigh the expenses incurred in effecting the change. As such, the leader should ensure that only the sustainable modifications are executed (Lines*, 2004). Rewarding Team Members More often employees feel motivated when they are complimented for the efforts that they make. Consequently, the leader is obliged to ensure motivation of the team members by congratulating colleagues and rewarding them accordingly. Additionally, motivated employees more often improve the change process by offering the support necessary for the change process to be successful hence limiting the chances of resistance. For instance, the directors can consider rewarding the members in the presence of the children and their families (Grant, 2013). Organizational Norms Vital in Ensuring A Positive and Effective Process of Change. Organizations are made up of people with various talents and skills resulting into different cultures in the group. The culture of an organization is vital in the change process as it determines the views and shared beliefs of the workforce of the institution. Essentially, before executing a change process, the management should analyze the culture of the association to identify the various areas and customs that need the transformation to aid the anticipated change process. Thus, it is noteworthy that the shared beliefs have a significant influence on the response of the teachers, families, and children to the proposed changes (Jansen, 2000). The following are some notable improvements on the organizations culture that will significantly enhance the change management process. Opening Channels of Communication Since communication is key in the change process, the management should put emphasize in improving the communication channels (Andrade, 2016). An organizations message system is majorly composed of formal and informal communication channels. The informal network is more often referred to as the grapevine communication system and is vital for passing information to the employees. Depending on the culture of the organization, the management officials should open up more communication network and ensure a balance between the two channels of communication. There must be a perfect flow of information between the educators, learners, and the families involved (Burnes, 2015) Developing a Learning Environment A thorough examination of the employees is vital to determine whether they have a learning culture. In some situations the educators and the families involved are not always ready to absorb new ideas, they genuinely believe and trust their current techniques. As a result, in some circumstances, the National Quality Framework applies external pressure for change through strict regulations that stipulate financial penalties for institutions that do not comply (Fenech et al, 2008). To avoid such forced change implementation, the leader should put great emphasize on improving the learning culture in the organization. The various stakeholders need to have a mindset that accommodates change and ready to learn new techniques and tactics. Moreover, the environment should provide a platform that allows the members to express their opinions and share their valuable ideas freely. Improving the value of learning allows the intended change to be implemented positively and efficiently. Conclusion The process of change is unavoidable in the profession of early childhood development. To cope up with the dynamic nature of the occupation, the various stakeholders should pay close attention to the effective change management. Accordingly, the leaders of the teams must comprehensively understand their roles in managing change and perfectly plan for the process of the expected change. The culture of the organization should be shaped to develop a favorable environment for the process of modification. Furthermore, the children, families and the instructors are to be included in the change process in the initial stages to enhance their understanding of the proposed amendments, hence, eliminating the chances of resistance (Appelbaum et al., 2015). References Andrade, M. S. (2016). Effective Organizational Structures and Processes: Addressing Issues of Change.New Directions for Higher Education,2016(173), 31-42. Appelbaum, S. H., Degbe, M. C., MacDonald, O., Nguyen-Quang, T. S. (2015). Organizational outcomes of leadership style and resistance to change (Part One).Industrial and Commercial Training,47(2), 73-80. Burnes, B. (2015). Understanding Resistance to ChangeBuilding on Coch and French.Journal of Change Management,15(2), 92-116. Fenech, M., Sumsion, J., Goodfellow, J. (2008). Regulation and risk: Early childhood education and care services as sites where the laugh of Foucaultresounds.Journal of Education Policy,23(1), 35-48. Grant, A. (2013). Young gifted children transitioning into preschool and school: What matters?.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,38(2), 23. Jansen, K. J. (2000). The emerging dynamics of change: Resistance, readiness, and momentum.People and Strategy,23(2), 53. Keen, M., Brown, V. A., Dyball, R. (2005).Social learning in environmental management: towards a sustainable future. Routledge. King, G., Strachan, D., Tucker, M., Duwyn, B., Desserud, S., Shillington, M. (2009). The application of a transdisciplinary model for early intervention services.Infants Young Children,22(3), 211-223. Lines*, R. (2004). Influence of participation in strategic change: resistance, organizational commitment and change goal achievement.Journal of change management,4(3), 193-215. Muijs, D., Aubrey, C., Harris, A., Briggs, M. (2004). How do they manage? A review of the research on leadership in early childhood.Journal of Early Childhood Research,2(2), 157-169 Rodd, J. (2012).Leadership in early childhood. McGraw-Hill Education (UK) Trawick-Smith, J. (2013).Early childhood development: A multicultural perspective. Pearson Higher Ed.