the scarlet letter essays

the red letter articles In the book The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a character by the name of Roger Chillingworth had submitted the indefensible sin and he fundamentally executed another character, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Everybody has been in a position where they have gotten the opportunity of controlling or extorting somebody. Chillingworth did precisely that and wound up breaking down Dimmesdale to his demise. Dimmesdale was not the single one influenced by Chillingworths deeds. Chillingworth had a mate, yet nobody knew about their relationship. Her name was Hester Prynne and she had an ill-conceived kid named Pearl. The Reverend Dimmesdale engaged in extramarital relations with Hester, and he is the genuine dad of Pearl. All through the novel the individuals of Boston were retained this data, alongside the data of Hesters genuine spouse. Chillingworth was a doctor, or back in those days a specialist was known as a siphon. Dimmesdale began to feel sick, in this way beginning the start of his end. Dimmesdale became not just a patient of Chillingworth, yet a flat mate as well. Being in such close contact with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth has come to know the pastors most private feelings, and he has started to speculate that Dimmesdales disease is the consequence of a profound mystery that has at no time been trusted with another. In a sequestered discussion with Hester, Chillingworth made a promise to descry the genuine dad of Pearl, and uncover him. In a discussion with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth raises the subject of why an individual would... <! The Scarlet Letter articles In Nathaniel Hawthornes tale, The Scarlet Letter, two fundamental characters Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth both have privileged insights however each languishes various outcomes over their transgressions. Insider facts are those that are kept from the general population to shroud blame, disgrace, vengeance, abhor, and love. Outcomes happen normally from an activity maybe a mystery. Sins happen the world over however ordinarily individuals dont get injured from them yet this case is extraordinary. Chillingworth and Dimmesdale are two entirely unexpected individuals yet they do share several things in like manner, Hester is a lady who submitted the transgression infidelity and is the principle motivation behind why Dimmesdale and Chillingworth need to shroud their privileged insights. Dimmesdale says I have chuckled, in harshness and distress of heart, at the differentiation between what I appear and what I am! Dimmesdale submitted infidelity with Hester. Hester was stood up to before all the individuals yet Dimmesdale kept his activity covered up. Chillingworth returns from a long ocean journey to see his better half Hester remaining on a framework with An on her chest. Chillingworth than converses with a towns individual to perceive what is happening. The towns individual discussions about Hesters spouse not knowing who he is conversing with. He says Yonder lady, Sir you should know, was the spouse of a specific scholarly man. English by birth, however who had since quite a w hile ago stayed in Amsterdam, whence, some great time agone, he was disapproved to traverse and join up with us of the Massachusetts. Chillingworth use to be Master Prynne yet changed his name so he wouldnt be humiliated by Hester. Privileged insights can cause issues down the road for them in affliction or quality. The outcomes of these insider facts start off in two unique manners. Dimmesdale endures awfully with the blame and agony inside his body. In Mr. Dimmesdales mystery storage room, safely guarded, there was a grisly scourage. Dimmesdale would beat ... <! The Scarlet Letter expositions The Scarlet Letter - Individuality inside a Puritan Society Regularly in the public arena individuals are reprimanded, rebuffed and scorned for their individual decisions and defects. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the creator endeavors to show the manner in which society throws out people just in light of the fact that their thoughts and deeds contrast from the basic qualities. Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes Hester Prynne to represent that the individuals who challenge social congruities can profit society all in all. In spite of the fact that she has been ousted for submitting infidelity, she sees that the network needs her. Through her liberal achievements the network acknowledges she is an individual who, paying little heed to her wrongdoing, can influence the network in a positive way. In the start of the book Hester Prynne is freely mortified as a discipline for breaking a Puritan conviction and one of the Ten Commandments; infidelity. She is then compelled to remain before the town for quite a long time as the group attempts to separate her with analysis and disgracing words. After her discharge, the scene was not without a blend of wonder, for example, much consistently contribute the exhibition of blame and disgrace of a kindred animal (63). They nearly took a take pleasure in her discipline, having thought they purified the town, and consequently just leaving an unadulterated society. They imagined that on the off chance that they rewarded her so terrible that nobody could ever even consider violating the law again. As the story starts the townspeople don't consider her to be a need however as an aggravation to dispose of. They don't understand the requirement for which they have of her. Also, that she is the same amount of a piece of the network as they all m ay be. So it could be said when the expel Hester they are banishing a piece of themselves. After this she is given greater discipline by wearing the letter A weaved on all that she wears as a suggestion to everybody that she has submitted infidelity. She is tossed away and is not, at this point a network part. She endured these experiences ... <! The Scarlet Letter papers Infidelity, selling out, indiscrimination, deception, and interest, all of which would make a magnificent coming fascination on the Hollywood scene and likely a really decent book. Include Puritan goals and composing styles, making it since quite a while ago, drawn out, monotonous, wearisome, rest inciting, vapidly silly, and the final product is The Scarlet Letter. In spite of every one of these things it is viewed as a work of art and was The Scarlet Letter is a superb and not really customary case of the great versus malicious subject. What makes this a one of a kind case of good versus detestable is that either side could be viewed as it is possible that one. Hester could easily have been concluded as underhanded, or the miscreant, as she was by the townspeople. That is, she was indicted for infidelity, a shocking sin of the time, however perhaps not even seen as criminal today. With respect to discipline, a sentence to wear a red An upon her chest, it would barely be thought about a weight or extraordinary sentence in present day. Or on the other hand Hester can be viewed as opposing a general public where she was constrained into a cold marriage and subsequently she would be the hero, or young lady, all things considered. Additionally the townspeople, the justices, and Chillingworth, Hester's genuine spouse, can be seen in the two lights. It is possible that they can be seen as simply maintaining the law - she submitted a wrongdoing, they uphold the law. Then again are they going to extraordinary estimates, for example, needing to take Pearl, Hester's little girl, away in light of the fact that Hester has strayed from the standard, all to authorize an out of line law that doesn't In spite of the fact that the subjects of the novel do make a difference to significant issues in history and could have had effects on the timespan, they were not extraordinary. During the occasions and in the Puritan people group this didn't have an enormous effect on ... <! The Scarlet Letter expositions The desolate depiction, reflexive of the puritan culture in part one of the Scarlet Letter, was framed by Nathaniel Hawthorne to anticipate occasions in the novel, yet to likewise divulge the topical thought of social dismissal and Hawthornes own scorn of social similarity and optimism. Through the utilization of symbolism, state of mind, tone, centrality, and imagery, the peruser can solidly get a handle on the creators reason by the piece of these artistic components. Scattered all through part one are different illustrative expressions that upgrade the serious and repetitive disposition introduced by Hawthorne. In his portrayal of the occupants of Boston, he delineates, A crowd of hairy men, in pitiful shaded pieces of clothing and gray....(45). As proposed by this, the peruser is obviously ready to see the one-track society of the Puritans. A crowd of unshaven men passes on a feeling of consistency among the early Bostonians, an ocean of resemblance wherein no specific individual sticks out. Through Hawthornes centrality of the jail, the plot is yet furthur upgraded. His redundant referrals to the jail show the standards of the Puritan culture, where deviation is frequently deserving of detainment, and how socially unsatisfactory activities were weighted vigorously upon the carry out er of the thing. Obviously some time back, a lady by the name of Anne Hutchinson was sentenced to the jail for some implied reason. In any case, it isn't Anne Hutchinson herself that is significant; it is the standard wherein she represents that Hawthorne equals to the story. ... <! The Scarlet Letter papers Imagery is the act of speaking to things by images. The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a book of much imagery. Set in seventeenth century New England, the book begins with the open discipline of Hester Prynne, an indicted philanderer. One of the most mind boggling and misjudged images in the book is Hesters ill-conceived little girl, Pearl. All through the story, she forms into a powerful image - one that is consistently ch

The Psychological Effects of Ecological Disasters Essay Example for Free

The Psychological Effects of Ecological Disasters Essay The exceptionally trend setting innovations developing these days bring numerous accommodations today that appeared to be unthinkable fifty years prior. However, such upgrades and improvements are relied upon to shoulder various results. Biological fiasco, albeit a characteristic wonder, is an outcome of man-made risk. As indicated by Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, and Nelson (1995), greater part of the populace have encountered â€Å"at least one horrible accident all through their lifetime†. In spite of the fact that the recurrence of horrendous mishaps is high, numerous individuals, particularly the grown-ups, can get by from various types of fiasco and are probably going to recuperate from any awful accident. Be that as it may, there are some who can't adapt to the injury from such occasions, for example, the youngsters who are inclined to flexibility. It is without a doubt a horrible and upsetting experience to be available in any event of a mishap, cataclysm, or a disaster. Casualties of calamity are probably going to show some pressure and passionate responses, for example, sorrow, outrage, dread, misery, uneasiness, and somatization. Different survivors of environmental calamity are seen to show conduct articulations of stress which remember changes for disease conduct, issues in job working at home and in work, inconveniences of substance misuse, and abusive behavior at home. In addition, individuals who are experiencing extreme dysfunctional behavior (SMI) are increasingly inclined to encounter Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD (Bromet Dew, 1995; Havenaar et al. , 1997). One of the most serious and awful fiascos happened on April 26, 1986 was the blast of the Chernobyl atomic force plant, which occurred for just about 10 days. The blast brought about the colossal arrival of radioactive materials (e. g. iodine and caesium radionuclides) in the zones of Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Belarus. Such radioactive materials are known to cause thyroid malignant growth (The Chernobyl Forum, 2003-2005, p. 10). Around 5,000,000 individuals living in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia were tainted with radionuclides. The greater part of them were crisis laborers and on location work force including armed force, nearby police and fire administrations, and force plant staff. A few inhabitants of the said regions were likewise influenced. The debacle reaction activities of the specialists, for example, the clearing of individuals from influenced regions some way or another diminished the wellbeing outcome of the radiation exposures. Beside thyroid malignancy which hit the influenced populace, there is a prominent expanded in mental issues among the occupants of influenced territories. Such was the consequence of unsettling influence and injury brought by the blast. Individuals experienced pressure and uneasiness due to the absence of data about the impacts of such radiation and its outcomes to social and financial security (The Chernobyl Forum, 2003-2005, p. 7). Until today, the concerned specialists are experiencing issues in recognizing and dispensing with the mental weight of the Chernobyl blast. In the interim, numerous looks into exhibited that the event of natural calamities, for example, catastrophe, psychological oppression occasion, awful mishaps, and others could make mental scatters human casualties. Such scatters incorporate despondency, nervousness, somatization, ASD and PTSD. In like manner, there are a few factors that are accepted to add to the reason for mental turmoil following the event of biological debacle. Some accept that the effect of mental impacts of fiasco relies upon the measure of data given to survivors of awful accidents. Different inquires about recognized that a casualty with lower level of training is inclined to encounter mental turmoil after the event of a fiasco. Furthermore, individuals who experienced many negative occasions in life are bound to show mental scatters brought by horrible mishap. In the interim, different inquires about state that individuals with constructive and idealistic characters are less powerless against mental confusion. This examination paper will dig into the mental impacts of biological calamities and will feature the different elements that influence victim’s mental preparing of Chernobyl blast, especially the inhabitants of Former Soviet Union. Motivation behind the Study The reason for this quantitative investigation is to recognize and investigate the components that influence the psychological handling of the survivors of Chernobyl blast. Respondents for this examination are the influenced occupants from Former Soviet Union. The investigation for this examination will harp on whether Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and strength can be anticipated utilizing factors, for example, participant’s age, sex, good ways from debacle site, instructive level, less life stressors, constructive character attributes, and strengthening from having more data about the catastrophe. Besides, the specialist will endeavor to distinguish those casualties who are probably going to encounter mental confusion in the wake of encountering natural catastrophe and the individuals who are not inclined to such mental issue. It will likewise endeavor to identify the various ways and medicines which will be valuable in forestalling the mental impacts of natural fiasco. Explanation of the Problem Generally, this examination study intends to look at the components that influence the mental preparing of the casualties of environmental debacle, especially the survivors of Chernobyl catastrophe from Former Soviet Union. In particular, this examination expects to answer the accompanying issues: 1. What are the conceivable mental impacts of natural debacles? 2. Who are the survivors of fiasco that are probably going to encounter mental turmoil? 3. Who are the survivors of debacle that are probably going to adapt from encountering fiasco along these lines conquering horrible and distressing deterrents? 4. How do different casualties figure out how to beat mental turmoil following the event of catastrophe? 5. For what reason do different casualties neglect to conquer mental turmoil following an awful accident? 6. What should be possible to oversee and forestall (if conceivable) the mental impacts of natural fiasco? 7. Who are the correct specialists answerable for tending to the mental issues brought by the event of natural fiascos? Theories There are different components that make the casualties of biological debacles increasingly defenseless to mental confusion, and these variables are the subject of speculation for this examination. As indicated by explores, the opportunities for casualties to build up a mental issue relies upon the character of the people in question, level of training of the people in question; measure of data given to survivors of calamity; and amount of antagonistic occasions experienced by the people in question. In light of the investigations led by Aspinwall and Taylor (1992) and Scheier and Carver (1995), it was found that having a constructive character or being idealistic can add to the victims’ physical and mental prosperity. Also, Scheier and Carver’s (1995) study uncovers that hopeful individuals accept that they could beat any difficulty. Hence, rather than staying away from the deterrents and difficulties, hopeful individuals use critical thinking aptitudes to adapt to troubles (Scheier Carver, 1995). Moreover, various research considers have discovered that dispositional confidence (positive explanation behind relocation, American cultural assimilation, aced of English language, and by and large life fulfillment) could likewise reduce the effect of worry to the experience of an individual (Ben-Zur, Rappaport, Ammar, Uretzky, 2000; Herman-Stahl Petersen, 1996; Aspinwall Taylor, 1992). Individuals who have inspirational standpoint are probably going to utilize human services administrations following the experience of any horrendous fiasco. All things considered, there are factors that add to constructive character of individual, for example, segment and social viewpoint, attitudinal-conviction, and other basic factors (Anderson Newman, 1973). The analyst accept that individuals with negative perspective on life and are doubter are inclined to encounter mental turmoil following the event of a fiasco. In the interim, aftereffects of the exploration considers led by Breslau et al. (1997), Kessler et al. (1995), and Kulka et al. (1991) exhibited that individuals with lesser instructive achievement are bound to encounter PTSD to such an extent that lesser instructive fulfillment is related with expanded degree of PTSD. However, there are conflicting outcomes from the experimental writing with respect to the mental and emotional wellness of older grown-ups. Larger part of the writing audit showed that more seasoned individuals have a more serious hazard for physical injury and money related misfortune, and have less social help, which at that point propose that old are progressively defenseless against experience pressure. Along these lines, this gathering is at a higher mental danger of creating mental confusion despite calamity (Krause, 1987; Phifer Norris, 1989). Along these lines, the scientist presumes that individuals with high instructive fulfillment and more youthful populace are probably going to be versatile to post calamity stress and injury. Many research considers set up that the individual’s impression of hazard following a catastrophe can cause unexpected frailty impacts which is either physical or psychological instability (Kazakov, Demidchik, Astakhova ,1992; Baverstock, Egloff, Pinchera, Ruchti Williams, 1992; Moysich, Menezes, Michalek, 2002). However, not all people have a similar recognition on the effect of peril as indicated by Lazarus and Folkman (1984), observation on dangers fluctuates uniquely in contrast to each other. Be that as it may, the degree of stress brought about by any horrible mishap to an individual relies upon how the person saw the danger of a catastrophe. To clarify, the measure of data accessible for the casualties of fiasco influences their view of hazard (Renn Rohrmann, 2000). Note that hazard messages encase real, esteem related, inferential, and

Why Mind Mapping - Focus

Why Mind Mapping - Focus Have you ever asked yourself why mind mapping is becoming ever more popular among professionals and  students alike? What is it that makes this technique so special and what are its benefits?  In this article weve put together the main reasons why mind mapping is increasingly replacing other note taking formats in business and educational contexts.   What Are Mind Maps? Mind maps are graphical representations of information. In contrast  to the traditional, linear notes you make in a text document, mind maps let you  capture thoughts, ideas and keywords on a blank canvas where you can organize them in a two-dimensional structure. The title/main idea is always located in the center of the map and thus always clearly visible. Related ideas branch off from the center in all directions, creating a radiant structure. Why Should I Mind Map? “The soul never thinks without a mental image.” -Aristotle There are many reasons why mind mapping is used by millions of professionals, creatives and students all over the world. Here are the top 4: Mind maps structure information. Mind maps can store and structure vast amounts of information. They display hierarchy, show relationships between individual  ideas and enable you to see the “big picture” at a glance. These features also make mind maps an ideal tool to present information to others,  create knowledge pools  and solve complex problems. Mind maps enhance productivity. Mind mapping enables you to learn faster, communicate more efficiently and brainstorm more effectively. Whether you’re planning  a project at work or writing a scientific paperâ€"mind mapping will help you save tremendous amounts of time. According to a survey by the Mind Mapping Software Blog, mind mapping software can increase productivity by an average of 23%. Mind maps foster creativity. There are two things that make mind maps the best brainstorming tool out there. One: The act of developing a mind map stimulates our brain like no other technique and fosters a creative flow of ideas. Two: Mind maps allow you to transcribe those ideas with incredible speed, making for a virtually frictionless thought organization. During a study1 done in 2004 about the effectiveness of mind mapping for students writing assignments, 10 out of 12 people found that mind mapping improved their writing.  Not only is it  a great technique for students to prepare their essays and papers, its also a fantastic method for bloggers to outline articles and for authors  to overcome writers block. See also: 6 Tips to Improve Your Creativity Mind maps improve memory and recall. Mind maps present information visually. They feature a number of powerful mental triggers such as images, colors, shapes and connections which help our brain process and memorize large amounts of information. Studies have found that mind maps can improve memory by 10-15%, others go even higher and estimate improvements of up to 32%.2  Especially students with learning difficulties such as dyslexia or high-functioning autism have reported that they find mind maps to be  invaluable study aids. Have you  read enough to give the mind map technique a try? Start Mind Mapping Still not convinced? Maybe youre right to be cautious. Check out the  Top 7 Reasons NOT to Mind Map 1  Wai Ling, C. (2004), ‘The Effectiveness of Using Mind Mapping Skills in Enhancing Secondary One and Secondary Four Students’ Writing in a CMI School’. University of Hong Kong, Masters dissertation. 2  Toi, H (2009), ‘Research on how Mind Map improves Memory’. Paper presented at the International Conference on Thinking, Kuala Lumpur, 22nd to 26th June 2009. Why Mind Mapping - Focus Have you ever asked yourself why mind mapping is becoming ever more popular among professionals and  students alike? What is it that makes this technique so special and what are its benefits?  In this article weve put together the main reasons why mind mapping is increasingly replacing other note taking formats in business and educational contexts.   What Are Mind Maps? Mind maps are graphical representations of information. In contrast  to the traditional, linear notes you make in a text document, mind maps let you  capture thoughts, ideas and keywords on a blank canvas where you can organize them in a two-dimensional structure. The title/main idea is always located in the center of the map and thus always clearly visible. Related ideas branch off from the center in all directions, creating a radiant structure. Why Should I Mind Map? “The soul never thinks without a mental image.” -Aristotle There are many reasons why mind mapping is used by millions of professionals, creatives and students all over the world. Here are the top 4: Mind maps structure information. Mind maps can store and structure vast amounts of information. They display hierarchy, show relationships between individual  ideas and enable you to see the “big picture” at a glance. These features also make mind maps an ideal tool to present information to others,  create knowledge pools  and solve complex problems. Mind maps enhance productivity. Mind mapping enables you to learn faster, communicate more efficiently and brainstorm more effectively. Whether you’re planning  a project at work or writing a scientific paperâ€"mind mapping will help you save tremendous amounts of time. According to a survey by the Mind Mapping Software Blog, mind mapping software can increase productivity by an average of 23%. Mind maps foster creativity. There are two things that make mind maps the best brainstorming tool out there. One: The act of developing a mind map stimulates our brain like no other technique and fosters a creative flow of ideas. Two: Mind maps allow you to transcribe those ideas with incredible speed, making for a virtually frictionless thought organization. During a study1 done in 2004 about the effectiveness of mind mapping for students writing assignments, 10 out of 12 people found that mind mapping improved their writing.  Not only is it  a great technique for students to prepare their essays and papers, its also a fantastic method for bloggers to outline articles and for authors  to overcome writers block. See also: 6 Tips to Improve Your Creativity Mind maps improve memory and recall. Mind maps present information visually. They feature a number of powerful mental triggers such as images, colors, shapes and connections which help our brain process and memorize large amounts of information. Studies have found that mind maps can improve memory by 10-15%, others go even higher and estimate improvements of up to 32%.2  Especially students with learning difficulties such as dyslexia or high-functioning autism have reported that they find mind maps to be  invaluable study aids. Have you  read enough to give the mind map technique a try? Start Mind Mapping Still not convinced? Maybe youre right to be cautious. Check out the  Top 7 Reasons NOT to Mind Map 1  Wai Ling, C. (2004), ‘The Effectiveness of Using Mind Mapping Skills in Enhancing Secondary One and Secondary Four Students’ Writing in a CMI School’. University of Hong Kong, Masters dissertation. 2  Toi, H (2009), ‘Research on how Mind Map improves Memory’. Paper presented at the International Conference on Thinking, Kuala Lumpur, 22nd to 26th June 2009.

Vernacular Definition and Examples

Vernacular is the language of a particular group, profession, region, or country, especially as spoken rather than formally written. Since the rise of sociolinguistics in the 1960s, interest in vernacular forms of English speech has developed rapidly. As R.L. Trask has pointed out, vernacular forms are now seen as every bit as worthy of study as standard varieties (Language and Linguistics: Key Concepts, 2007). Examples and Observations Around the middle of the fourteenth century English began to be accepted as an appropriate language for government, law, and literature. In response to this wider use of the vernacular, a debate over its suitability as a means of communicating scripture and theology began in the 1300s.(Judy Ann Ford, John Mirks Festial. DS Brewer, 2006)The Elizabethans had discovered once and for all the artistic power of the vernacular and had freed native writers from a crippling sense of inferiority, for which the classical languages and the classicists were largely responsible.(Richard Foster Jones, The Triumph of the English Language. Stanford University Press, 1953)The BCP [Book of Common Prayer] allowed for celebrations in Latin ..., but required that worship should normally be conducted in a language understanded of the people. Vernacular liturgy was a reform for which Roman Catholics had to wait another 400 years.(Alan Wilson, The Book of Common Prayer, Part 1: An English Ragbag. The Guardia n, Aug. 23, 2010 Writers on Writing: Using The Vernacular   Mark Twain ... transformed elements of regional vernacular speech into a medium of uniquely American literary expression and thus taught us how to capture that which is essentially American in our folkways and manners. For indeed the vernacular process is a way of establishing and discovering our national identity. (Ralph Ellison, Going to the Territory. Random House, 1986)American writers were ... the first to intuit that the catchall web of the vernacular reflected the mind at its conscious level. The new melodious tongue shaped the writer to a greater extent than he shaped the language. (Wright Morris, About Fiction. Harper, 1975)  [W]hen I interrupt the velvety smoothness of my more or less literate syntax with a few sudden words of bar-room vernacular, that is done with the eyes wide open and the mind relaxed but attentive. (Raymond Chandler, letter to Edward Weeks, January 18, 1948)Ive always wanted to bring the books down closer and closer to the characters—to get myself, the narrator, out of it as much as I can. And one of the ways to do this is to use the language that the characters actually speak, to use the vernacular, and not ignoring the grammar, the formality of it, to bend it, to twist it, so you get a sense that you are hearing it, not reading it.(Roddy Doyle, quoted by  Caramine White in Reading Roddy Doyle. Syracuse University Press, 2001 Two Worlds of Writing Theres a newish world of writing where lots of people are busy all hours of the day and night emailing, tweeting, and blogging on the internet. Students startle their professors by sending chatty emails using the slang they write to buddies on Facebook. Much writing in this new world is a kind of speaking onto the screen; indeed, plenty of people, especially literate people, dont consider this writing to be writing. Email? Thats not writing! Actually, people have been writing in everyday vernacular spoken language for centuries in diaries, informal personal letters, grocery lists, and exploratory musings to figure out their feelings or thoughts. ...So in one world of writing, people feel free to speak onto the screen or page; in the other, people feel pressured to avoid speech on the page. I wont join the chorus of literate commentators who lament all the bad writing in the world of email and web. I see problems with writing in both worlds. Id say that most writing is not very good, whether its literate writing or e-writing, and whether it comes from students, amateurs, well-educated people, or learned scholars.(Peter Elbow, Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing. Oxford Univ. Press, 2012) The New Vernacular ​​Like its antecedents, the new  vernacular represents a democratic impulse, an antidote to vanity and literary airs. Its friendly, its familiar. But familiar in both senses. The new vernacular imitates spontaneity but sounds rehearsed. It has a franchised feel, like the chain restaurant that tells its patrons, Youre family.In part this is just a matter of clichà ©. Some writers try to casualize their prose with friendly phrases such as you know or you know what? Or even um, as in um, hel-lo? ...The new vernacular writer is studiedly sincere. Sincere even when ironic, ironically sincere. Whatever its other goals, the first purpose of such prose is ingratiation. Of course, every writer wants to be liked, but this is prose that seeks an instant intimate relationship. It makes aggressive use of the word you—bet you thought—and even when the you is absent, it is implied. The writer works hard to be lovable.(Tracy Kidder and Richard Todd, Good Prose: The Art of Nonfiction. Random House, 2013) Vernacular Rhetoric [N]arratives of vernacular rhetoric can afford a certain accuracy in gauging public opinion that otherwise is unavailable. Were leaders to hear these opinions and take them seriously, the quality of public discourse might take a positive turn. Understanding peoples concerns and why they hold them holds promise for helping leaders to communicate with societys active members rather than manipulating them.(Gerard A. Hauser, Vernacular Voices: The Rhetoric of Publics and Public Spheres. Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1999) The Lighter Side of the Vernacular [Edward Kean] once said that he was probably best known for coining the word cowabunga (originally spelled with a k) as a greeting for Chief Thunderthud, a character on [The Howdy Doody Show]. The word has become part of American vernacular, used by the cartoon character Bart Simpson and by the crime-fighting Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. (Dennis Hevesi, Edward Kean, Chief Writer of ‘Howdy Doody,’ Dies at 85. The New York Times, Aug. 24, 2010) Pronunciation: ver-NAK-ye-ler EtymologyFrom the Latin, native

Diabetes Is A Disease - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 683 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/02 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of people around the world. It changes the lifestyle of those it inflicts, to where they are incapable of doing certain things. Diabetes is a disease that there are different types of. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Diabetes Is A Disease" essay for you Create order Type 1 Diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is when your body cannot produce the hormone insulin(Diabetes). While Type 2 Diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes, is like Type 1, however, it has the added effect of not processing insulin as well(Diabetes). Among the nearly 26 million American adults and children living with diabetes there is an elite group of professional athletes, who have not to succumb to their condition and have achieved greatness(Bryan). These are a few life stories about these men and women. The Olympics is where some of the most athletic people in the world go to. These men and women train for hours on end to perfect there event and hope that their hard work will pay off. When Olympic swimmer Gary Hall Jr. learned he had type 1 diabetes while training for the 2000 summer games in Sydney, Australia he was devastated(Bryan). How he learned of his condition when he was training, he fought exhaustion, dehydration, and an inexplicable 20-pound drop in weight, and one day when he fainted he was rushed to the hospital. He then learned that he had type 1 diabetes. Despite this his determination to strive for gold was relentless. Instead of listening to his doctors who told him to should stop his training he instead learned all he could about diabetes and how he could manage it with rigorous training. When learned that the key to managing his diabetes was his diet He first drastically changed his diet to watch his calorie and carbohydrate intake. So his diet consisted of yogurt, fruit, skinny pasta and performance bars all with the thought that these would make him perform without debilitation(Darby). He also put himself through an extreme exercise regimen for Olympic athletes which pushed his body to the limits. The combination of these two things and his determination won him two gold medals, a silver, and a bronze at the 2000 Olympics. One of the most popular worldwide sports, baseball is beloved by many. It is a game know to be the everymans game meaning anyone can play baseball even someone with diabetes can play professionally. This man is David Boomer Wells was a major league baseball pitcher who played for many teams but was considered to be one of the better left-handed pitchers in the league during his time. Especially during his years with the New York Yankees and the Toronto Blue Jays. He was also the one to pitch the 15 perfect game in baseball history in 1998(Baseball). This was amazing considering on March 2006 he told his fans that he had type 2 diabetes. At the time, he told the media he was concerned but vowed to make lifestyle changes, to beat it(Bryan). He was lucky to be diagnosed with it near the end of his baseball career instead of during it. However, this did not change the fact he needed to make huge lifestyle changes. Since the only thing he had at that age to combat diabetes was his diet because age had gotten to him at this point. Having to cut most of his diet he was still able to pitch a final few seasons before retiring. He has changed his career from a baseball player to a baseball commentator and active supporter of fighting diabetes. So researching this topic made me realize that even though there may be unfair situations in life there are still ways to overcome shortcomings and succeed. Diabetes is just one disease that has affected millions of great people, and there are even more diseases out there that can tear families apart. However, if there are people to inspire the hope in the afflicted sharing what they are going through I feel the world will change. So to all those who dream of achieving greatness even though you might have a handicap compared to others dont let that stop you.

Funding in Issaquah School District Free Essays

The responsibility for managing the finances of Issaquah School District lies with the superintendent and the School Board, although it is regulated by state law and is under instructions from the Superintendent of Public Instruction. There are guidelines for budgeting, accounting and financial reporting, which all district schools must follow. School districts plan and formulate a budget before the start of the school year. We will write a custom essay sample on Funding in Issaquah School District or any similar topic only for you Order Now The budget is formed in accordance to the stipulations of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The finance department handles money related functions like budgeting, accounting, payroll and benefits, purchasing, accounts payable and receivable, inventory control and asset management. The school district also includes several individual businesses like transport business, food service business, and a child care business. All these are operated on the lines of business model, to ensure accountability and proper use of public funds. In July 2004, a Policy Governance system was introduced by the school board, requiring routine reports on the status and developments occurring in every aspect of district operation. The financial monitoring reports are reviewed several times a year, by the school board. The setting of the school budget requires about a year’s time, and its working is always done for the subsequent year. It requires a four-month time for the completing of the preliminary works like receiving directions for budget setting from Superintendent, legislature, and administrators beginning to work on the budget process. Another four-month period is also required for the drafting of the budget and finalizing the budget, respectively. Apart from gifts and grants received, Issaquah gets less in funding. There are three sources of funding for school districts; namely the federal, state and local taxes. Issaquah gets less funding from all three sources, compared to any other districts. The Issaquah school district ranks 272nd in the revenue per pupil, among the districts in the state. It must be noted here that there are only 296 districts in the state in 2006-07. However many people consider Issaquah as a rich district, unaware of the realities and effects of the lesser funding. School funding is an important agenda debated in Washington’s State legislative and budget panning sessions. In 2006-07, Issaquah received only about $395,000 in federal Title I funding which is aimed at remedial reading programs for the disadvantaged students. This should be compared with other King County districts which get even millions in this fund. The fact that a significant population of Issaquah is considerably affluent, is attributed as the cause for the low funding. In the 1970s, when education was equalized, some districts like Everett and Northshore paid higher salaries to their teachers. Today the state pays about $2000 more per year to an Everett teacher, when compared to an Issaquah teacher. In terms of local funding too, Issaquah treads behind several other districts due to gap in levy authority. Issaquah would collect $6. 4 million more each year if it had the levy authority similar to that of Bellevue, or collected $9. 2 million more per year if it had the levy authority of Mercer Island. In Issaquah, the under-funding of special education by the state is estimated to be around $2. 5 million per year, which is adjusted by local levy dollars. As the local levy dollars cannot be used for supporting other classroom programs, all the students are affected. It is estimated that the under-funding of special education by the Washington State is nearly $200 million per year. On September 30, 2004, about twelve school districts joined together and filed a case against the state for failing to provide the necessary funds for the special education programs. The courts have ruled that Washington State is obliged to fully fund the basic and special education in the district schools. How to cite Funding in Issaquah School District, Papers

Roles of Directors in Change Management

Question: Discuss about theRoles of Directors in Change Management. Answer: Introduction The environment of operation of most establishments is characterized by perpetual revolution. Similarly, the profession of early childhood development in Australia experiences some transformations as the approaches deployed in the occupation keeps on changing. Notably, the most important changes commenced in the 1980s and were introduced by the publication of the Australian Government's National Early Childhood Development Strategy, Investing in the Early Years (Andrade, 2016). All change requires an effective plan, the success of which depends on the various techniques put in place to manage the possible resistance. This paper seeks to discuss the roles of a team leader in the process of change management and further analyze the various organization norms that need to be transformed to enhance the success of the change management process. Roles of a Team Leader in Change Management Process The success of any organizational change significantly depends on the leaders as they possess then needed authority and influence to plan and efficiently execute the change process. Most good leaders exhibit superior emotional intelligence that enhances their capacity to exercise control over their followers and ultimately capturing their attentions as well as emotions to prepare them for a change (Muijs et al., 2004). More often the needed amendment starts with leader; he should have the understanding of the change and efficiently communicate the vital information to the followers. As a leader of a team, the director is expected to have the following roles concerning effective change management; Documentation For a change to be effective there a necessity for a coherent picture and representation of what is currently happening in the organization as well as the expected outcome of the modification. As such, the director has an obligation to lead the team in establishing a clear vision by developing a work plan for the likely change. The director needs to put down the activities and the steps, clearly showing the order of the steps and the duties and responsibilities in the respective steps. Documentation is crucial in eliminating the fear of the unknown among the followers as it significantly creates assurance and positive mindset that enables the stakeholders to support change rather than resisting (Trawick-Smith, 2013). Communication In creating awareness, it is prudent for the leader to communicate the reasons why the organization needs the change to the employees. Ideally, the director should include the employees at the initial stages of effecting the change to be able to avoid future resistance. Moreover, the employees more often have good ideas that can help in developing the organization, thus, through communication; they get an avenue of communicating their thoughts and suggestions to their leader (Appelbaum et al., 2016). Communication also allows participation of the entire workforce further making the employees feel acknowledged and important to the organization. The manager should include as many as possible in the change process and get them feel involved and respected. Consequently, the members of the team will deeply understand the need for the change and the anticipated benefits which in turn improves their acceptance of the modification. It is noteworthy that effective communication reduces the risk of resistance as the employees will find it better to fight for the change to be able to enjoy the associated benefits ((Jansen, 2000). Building a Team The director has the responsibility of building a team with a perfect mix of skills that provides the basis for the change. The team leader is expected to identify committed individuals with the right expertise and competence, bring together with a primary aim of enhancing a good teamwork. An efficient team significantly aids the process of change by improving the communication between the members of the group and further gives the director a chance to influence the mindset of the members to make them ready for the change (Rodd, 2012). Moreover, building great team assists in eliminating conflicting interest among the team members. The director should put more focus in making the members have a common goal of ensuring successful change implementation. There are various team building activities that should be deployed by the leader to achieve better results. Such activities include passing of vital information to members, decision making and activities aimed at improving trust. Notably, confidence is essential for successful change implementation and therefore the leader should put emphasize on developing trust between among the members (Keen et al., 2005). Providing Resources to Remove the Obstacles Change is prevalent in the profession of early child development and therefore adjusting to the constant transformations is vital for survival (King et al., 2009). However, effective change execution comes at a cost. It is the responsibility of the leader to avail adequate resources needed for the change process. As such, it is prudent for the director to make a budget detailing the total costs of all the materials required for the change process and organize with the management to solicit funds. Mainly, Change management process include expenditures such as expenses incurred when organizing training and seminars aimed at creating awareness of the needed change. Moreover, the team building process is a cost center that needs significant attention (King et al., 2009) Importantly, the leader needs to do a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. The breakdown is vital as it shows whether the change is of significance to the organization. For a change to be viable, the benefits associated with the cost should outweigh the expenses incurred in effecting the change. As such, the leader should ensure that only the sustainable modifications are executed (Lines*, 2004). Rewarding Team Members More often employees feel motivated when they are complimented for the efforts that they make. Consequently, the leader is obliged to ensure motivation of the team members by congratulating colleagues and rewarding them accordingly. Additionally, motivated employees more often improve the change process by offering the support necessary for the change process to be successful hence limiting the chances of resistance. For instance, the directors can consider rewarding the members in the presence of the children and their families (Grant, 2013). Organizational Norms Vital in Ensuring A Positive and Effective Process of Change. Organizations are made up of people with various talents and skills resulting into different cultures in the group. The culture of an organization is vital in the change process as it determines the views and shared beliefs of the workforce of the institution. Essentially, before executing a change process, the management should analyze the culture of the association to identify the various areas and customs that need the transformation to aid the anticipated change process. Thus, it is noteworthy that the shared beliefs have a significant influence on the response of the teachers, families, and children to the proposed changes (Jansen, 2000). The following are some notable improvements on the organizations culture that will significantly enhance the change management process. Opening Channels of Communication Since communication is key in the change process, the management should put emphasize in improving the communication channels (Andrade, 2016). An organizations message system is majorly composed of formal and informal communication channels. The informal network is more often referred to as the grapevine communication system and is vital for passing information to the employees. Depending on the culture of the organization, the management officials should open up more communication network and ensure a balance between the two channels of communication. There must be a perfect flow of information between the educators, learners, and the families involved (Burnes, 2015) Developing a Learning Environment A thorough examination of the employees is vital to determine whether they have a learning culture. In some situations the educators and the families involved are not always ready to absorb new ideas, they genuinely believe and trust their current techniques. As a result, in some circumstances, the National Quality Framework applies external pressure for change through strict regulations that stipulate financial penalties for institutions that do not comply (Fenech et al, 2008). To avoid such forced change implementation, the leader should put great emphasize on improving the learning culture in the organization. The various stakeholders need to have a mindset that accommodates change and ready to learn new techniques and tactics. Moreover, the environment should provide a platform that allows the members to express their opinions and share their valuable ideas freely. Improving the value of learning allows the intended change to be implemented positively and efficiently. Conclusion The process of change is unavoidable in the profession of early childhood development. To cope up with the dynamic nature of the occupation, the various stakeholders should pay close attention to the effective change management. Accordingly, the leaders of the teams must comprehensively understand their roles in managing change and perfectly plan for the process of the expected change. The culture of the organization should be shaped to develop a favorable environment for the process of modification. Furthermore, the children, families and the instructors are to be included in the change process in the initial stages to enhance their understanding of the proposed amendments, hence, eliminating the chances of resistance (Appelbaum et al., 2015). References Andrade, M. S. (2016). Effective Organizational Structures and Processes: Addressing Issues of Change.New Directions for Higher Education,2016(173), 31-42. Appelbaum, S. H., Degbe, M. C., MacDonald, O., Nguyen-Quang, T. S. (2015). Organizational outcomes of leadership style and resistance to change (Part One).Industrial and Commercial Training,47(2), 73-80. Burnes, B. (2015). Understanding Resistance to ChangeBuilding on Coch and French.Journal of Change Management,15(2), 92-116. Fenech, M., Sumsion, J., Goodfellow, J. (2008). Regulation and risk: Early childhood education and care services as sites where the laugh of Foucaultresounds.Journal of Education Policy,23(1), 35-48. Grant, A. (2013). Young gifted children transitioning into preschool and school: What matters?.Australasian Journal of Early Childhood,38(2), 23. Jansen, K. J. (2000). The emerging dynamics of change: Resistance, readiness, and momentum.People and Strategy,23(2), 53. Keen, M., Brown, V. A., Dyball, R. (2005).Social learning in environmental management: towards a sustainable future. Routledge. King, G., Strachan, D., Tucker, M., Duwyn, B., Desserud, S., Shillington, M. (2009). The application of a transdisciplinary model for early intervention services.Infants Young Children,22(3), 211-223. Lines*, R. (2004). Influence of participation in strategic change: resistance, organizational commitment and change goal achievement.Journal of change management,4(3), 193-215. Muijs, D., Aubrey, C., Harris, A., Briggs, M. (2004). How do they manage? A review of the research on leadership in early childhood.Journal of Early Childhood Research,2(2), 157-169 Rodd, J. (2012).Leadership in early childhood. McGraw-Hill Education (UK) Trawick-Smith, J. (2013).Early childhood development: A multicultural perspective. Pearson Higher Ed.

The Gods in the Iliad free essay sample

He uses the scales of fate and justice to determine his actions, but he can also be persuaded by personal petitions from the gods. Also look for the gods role in scenes highlighting their functions. For example: Oath or swearing scenes: Zeus Guest friendship or xenia: Zeus Prophecy: Apollo Message bearing: Iris or Hermes Divine Epithets: Homer does not always refer to characters by their names. He can also refer to them via epithets or nicknames. For example: Atreides = Agamemnon and Menelaus Son of Menoitios = Patroklos Gerenian horseman = Nestor The same is true for the gods. See how many gods you can recognize here: Which god is â€Å"father of gods and men†? Which goddess is owl-eyed? Which goddess is ox-eyed? Which god is the Lord of Hera? Which god is Argeiphontes or â€Å"the Guide†? Which god is â€Å"lord of the shining bolt†? Which god is â€Å"he who strikes from afar†? Which god is â€Å"lord of the silver bow†? Which god is â€Å"god of the dragging feet†? Which goddess is â€Å"goddess of the white arms†? Which goddess is Tritongeneia? Which god is the Son of Kronos? Which goddess is the Kyprian or the Lady of Kypros? Which god is â€Å"Worker from Afar†? Which god is the earth-shaker? Which god is Phoibos? Which goddess is Pallas? The Gods in the Plot Here are some noteworthy scenes in which the gods play a significant role: Book 1 Apollo and the plague Athena restrains Achilles Zeus, Thetis, and Hera Hephaistos and his Parents Book 2 Zeus sends Agamemnon a dream Iris, the messenger goddess Book 3 Aphrodite rescues Paris from duel with Menelaus Aphrodite and Helen Book 4 Assembly of the Gods Hera gets Zeus to promise the defeat of Troy Athena persuades Pandaros to break the truce Book 5 Aphrodite rescues Aineias Diomedes wounds Aphrodite Aphrodite and Dione Arming of Athene Diomedes wounds Ares Wounded Ares on Mt. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gods in the Iliad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Olympus Book 6 Trojan Women Pray to Athena Book 7 Conference between Athena and Apollo Athena and Apollo agree to a single combat (leads to contest between Hector and Ajax) Zeus and Poseidon Book 8 Assembly of the Gods Zeus forbids the gods from fighting and goes to Mt. Ida where he weighs the fates of the Greeks and the Trojans in a scale and the Greeks lose. Hera and Poseidon Hera and Athena Zeus Returns to Mt. Olympus Book 11 Zeus sends down Hate Zeus sends Iris to Hektor Book 13 Arrival of Poseidon who secretly helps the Greeks Book 14 Hera seduces Zeus to distract him and help the Greeks Book 15 Zeus wakes from sleep to find Poseidon helping the Greeks. Gods on Olympus Athena calms Ares down Zeus sends message to Poseidon Zeus sends Apollo to Hektor to help the Trojans but reaffirms the ultimate fate of Troy. Book 16 Zeus weeps for Sarpedon Book 17 Zeus laments fate of Hektor Book 18 Thetis laments death of Patroklos with Achilles Thetis persuades Hephaistos to make new armor for Achilles. Book 19 Athena restores the strength of mourning Achilles Book 20 Assembly of the Gods Zeus releases the gods to act as they will. Apollo talks to Aineias Hera and Poseidon plot Poseidon rescues Trojan Aeneas. Book 21 Achilles fights the river god with help of Hera and Poseidon. Hera encourages Hephaistos to help The gods in hand to hand combat: Ares, AphroditeAthena; ApolloPoseidon; HeraArtemis; HermesLeto Ares vs. Athena Book 22 Zeus weighs fate of Hector and he loses. Book 24 Assembly of the Gods Thetis is summoned to Olympus Zeus, through Thetis, commands Achilles to release the body of Hector. Hermes Psychopompos guides Priam to Achilles tent.

Baritone essays

Baritone essays The baritone has a long history. It all started in the early 18th century with an instrument called the serpent. This snake-like tube was made of either wood, brass or silver, and its tuning wasn't good. It had six finger holes (valves wern't ivented yet) in the beginning, but later more were added. It was used in military bands as a marching bass, but it could also be found supporting the bass part in church choirs. Players of the serpent needed to be extraordinary musicians, because when put in less talented hands it sounded horrible. The serpent had an undistinguished life, although some people still play it today, and was replaced in 1821 by a brass instrument, produced by a French company called Halary, that was "a combination of the modern bassoon and baritone saxophone" called the ophicleide. The ophicleide used keys (instead of the finger holes of the serpent). It became popular and was made in several sizes and keys, but by the end of the century, it had almost disappeared. Around 1815, valves were invented by Heinrick Stolzel and Friedrick Blushmel. Valves improved intonation and pitch, and made almost all modern brass instruments possible. At that time, the technology was new, and it was not until 1823 that a horn similar to the euphonium was used. The 1860s and 1870s were a major time of improvement for the euphonium, beginning when Professor Phasey of Kneller Hall, England, enlarged the bore of the instrument. Soon after that, over the shoulder euphoniums began to appear, and in 1874, the compensating valve system, invented by David Blaikley, made pitch better. The 1880s brought even more variety to the baritone/euphonium scene with the addition of the large bore Kaiserbariton, and the famous double-belled euphonium of Meredith Wilsons The Music Man. Not much happened in the development of the modern euphonium between 1888 and 1921, because people had decided that there was enough variety and there was...

Rain water harvesting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rain water harvesting - Essay Example The rainwater harvesting systems involves three main elements that are collection system, conveyance and storage system. The type of harvesting system rely on the magnitude as well as the nature of the catchment area. Simple roof water catchment is one of the collection systems used in many households whereby cistern, pipe and appurtenances are the materials used in roof water collection system. Second is the large systems that are made for the large institutions such as stadiums, schools among other facilities. The system appears complex as ground and roof water is preserved in underground reservoirs. Roof water systems for the higher buildings are another rainwater harvesting technique. In this system, roof water is often designed for collecting rainwater and the water is stored in a different cistern. Land surface catchments are regarded as the simplest way of harvesting runoff water as compared to rooftop catchment. Lastly, is the collection of storm water in urban areas whereby the storm water is subjected to various contaminants? In this catchment, maintaining the catchment clean is the central aim of the system and thus it entails consideration of water pollution control.The collection of the rainwater using gutters is determined by the material used in water harvesting that can affect the efficiency of the system. For example, the low-pitched roofs do not lose much water like steep-pitched roofs. The materials used in water harvesting and the location of the storage facility affect the efficiency of the system operation.

Effects of Radiological Dispersion Device Research Paper

Effects of Radiological Dispersion Device - Research Paper Example Effects of Radiological Dispersion Device In recent times, the U.S, Great Britain and most of Europe have seen the use of radiological dispersal devices by terrorists as a key insecurity threat (Runge and Buddemeier, 2009). In addition to the threats, the impacts that come with the detonation of the radioactive devices in public places have some effects depending on a number of factors like wind and temperature among others. The possibility that terrorists can employ a radiological dispersal device in a public area has even enlarged the concerns of governments and the public regarding such weapons. A Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) is a gadget aimed at disseminating radioactive materials with the purpose of causing destruction, injuries and damage to the habitats around the detonation site (Radiological Dispersal Device, 2005). A suitable example of an RDD is a dirty bomb which is usually made of explosives that disperse radioactive materials upon detonation which is contrary to the norm that RDDs do not require explosives. RDDs are usually used with intent to cause injuries or damage, which are essentially the goals of terrorists. According to Radiological Dispersal Device (2005), an RDD is any kind of device that results in the intentional dissemination of radioactive matter with no nuclear detonation. The mode of dispersion of these radioactive materials is usually via a dirty bomb which explodes to release radioactive dust plus radioactive and nonradioactive shrapnel (Runge and Buddemeier, 2009). The effects of the explosion include radiation contamination, exposure to radiation in certain circumstances, physical injuries, burns, panic and fear. Other methods of dispersion include active or passive dispersion of sources of radioactive materials that are unsealed with contamination of the people coming from the air, food, soil or water. Harper, Musolino and Wente (2007) argue that the effect of RDD explosion is local although the psychological impact it has is worldwide as well as the attention of the media; hence an overestimation of the effects of the exposure may result. In addition, Musolino and Harper (2006) affirm that RDDs are usually located or rather placed in unexpected areas; thus when they explode, the explosion and the selected location will surprise many. The long-term effect of radioactive dispersion will be easy to realize but the short-term may be hard as it takes time to discover the contamination’s source. The initial indicators of contamination include prior threats, routine monitoring techniques and activities to identify the first responders, monitoring of activities of suspected groups by the intelligence community or plainly by chance. Urban population is usually high in many nations of the world. It is for this reason that terrorists least prefer RDDs since it is tricky to design one that will administer plentiful doses of radiation to result in immediate health defects in a densely populated area (M anagement of Terrorist, 2001). As a result, Tochner and Glatstein (2008) debated and concluded that an RDD is likely to be used to; i. Cause uneasiness in people who are of the view that they have been exposed or are exposed to the radiation. ii. Disrupt the lives of people by contaminating the facilities they use or the places they work or live. The experts went ahead to determine the factors that affect the efficiency of the RDD attacks which include weather conditions, local topography, physical and chemical composition of the

Similarities And Differences Between Sport And Fitness Physical Education Essay

Similarities And Differences Between Sport And Fitness Physical Education Essay Throughout this essay I will identify the definition for both sport and physical education, implementing my own interpretation. I will also explain the differences and similarities between them. My research will be based largely on the affect physical activity has on school children. I aim to concentrate my research on the method of teaching PE and sports, introducing both linear and non-linear pedagogy. Finally, I will conclude with my own understanding of my findings and where I feel research should be continued in order to ensure both PE and sports is an active part of every childs life, especially after leaving school. Sport v PE Classifying the definition of sport is not as simple as it seems. Research states, an athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess and often of a competitive nature, as racing, baseball, tennis, golf, bowling, wrestling, boxing, hunting, fishing, etc. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sport). This is true, however, there is a lot more to it that just skill and competition. Although rules are a major part of sport, making it sound more serious, it can also be fun and entertaining. Physical skill is a key advantage in playing sport, however lets not forget that most sports also require mental skill for strategic planning. The most important aspect of sport is having fun with the added bonus of maintaining a good fitness level. The term sport comes from the old French desport which means leisure. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport. Physical Education is Training in the development of and care for the human body; stresses athletics; includes hygiene. http://www.wordwebonline.com/en/PHYSICALEDUCATION. It is a taught course taken during primary and secondary education that encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_education. In the UK, Physical Education classes are compulsory in school until approximately age 16. As well as learning basic sporting skills, the curriculum also pays attention to health and fitness. My first recollection of PE at School was playing pirates in the school gym which involved running around on sporting apparatus being chased. PE is not always being taught the obvious sporting game such as football, hockey, etc. Its aim is to enhance an individuals progress through a variety of activities, which will boost their confidence level; hence my pirate game vastly improved my agility skills. As the student progresses, leaders hip skills are incorporated into the programme as well as being encouraged to be player independent in their decision-making. The most obvious similarity between sport and PE is that they both involve physical activity. Physical health benefits are gained by taking part in regular physical activity, whether that is during school hours (PE lessons), an extra-curriculum activity, or playing for a local club. Research shows that children who participate frequently in physical activity will reduce their chances of acquiring certain ailments such as diabetes and obesity, therefore improving their quality of life. However, other benefits such as affective and social are also gained. Research suggests that affective development is now evident with children. One of the main signs of this is a childs self-esteem that grows stronger when partaking in physical activity. Research show that stress, anxiety and depression, can also be significantly reduced with regular exercise. Probably the most important aspect of both sport and PE is social benefit. Whether you are playing football with a few friends or in a controlle d PE lesson, it is evident that this is a major part of a childs social learning skills. Anti-social behaviour is frowned upon and, to fit in, children tend to conform to the norm. Also, for an introvert child, communication though activity can help dramatically improve their interaction with other children outside of sports and PE and this has a knock-on affect with their affective skills also (Bailey, 2006). However, there may be implications. For example, we are assuming that pupils are enjoying the physical activity and are good at it. What if a child suffers with ability and/or may be teased by other school children for their lack of coordination? This may cause the child to become introvert and depression and anxiety could occur. Although PE has a positive effect for most, this concern needs to be considered carefully when planning PE lessons at school. However, sport is more about being competitive and winning medals and trophies. Although PE can be competitive, teachers introduce fair play; ensuring teams are equally balanced, whether that is by age, sex, and/or ability. However, in sports, the best players are selected for the clubs first team and those with less skill will be placed in a lower performing side. Sport is voluntary and the number of participants can vary from club to club, but the size of group/team can be adapted to suit the requirements of a match. However, PE is compulsory in schools and classes can be vast, this can cause problems for the teacher when applying rules and instructions, especially given that a proportion of children do not want to partake and may be unruly. Within sports there are leagues and competitions, involving officials and a fixture secretary and each club concentrates on one particular sport. However, the chosen activity for a particular PE lesson is usually decided by the teacher and can vary from lesson to lesson. This decision can also depend on the environmental conditions and equipment available to that school. For example, it is difficult for a school in the centre of London to partake in an outdoor adventure activity, as there are no local amenities to support this and some inner city schools dont have the funds to purchase expensive equipment. Linear and non-linear pedagogy The basic skills of PE are learned during a childs school years. This is normally taught using linear pedagogy, a more traditional method. Once the basics are learnt, a pupil may wish to expand on this skill and join a particular sport they excel in. This is where further, more advanced coaching, takes place and in my experience, a more non-linear pedagogy approach is implemented. Linear pedagogy is teacher centred, instructional, technique-based and practiced method. This style is more advantageous in schools than clubs, where, due to enormous class sizes, it is easier for the teacher to maintain control of the class. However, there are problems with this approach. For example, in my school-day experience, in order for skills to be learned, the teacher would use drills to demonstrate a technique and it was a luxury to play a game. This was a disappointment to my peers and me. Tactics were rarely mentioned therefore my decision-making was poor. Non-linear pedagogy leans more towards the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) way of teaching where it is player centred, involving engaging an individual in being encouraged to think for themselves in both tactical and technical aspects (Thorpe and Bunker 1989). Its major advantage it that it is designed to guide players to become independent in their decision-making. For example, a typical training session may involve a short modified game to identify the teams failings. Drill sessions would then take place to strengthen these weaknesses. After the drills, another game would be played to implement the new skill, using their own thoughts. The coach encourages player independence by applying strategies to match an individual players game, therefore improving their decision-making throughout a game (Light, 2006). The main problem with linear pedagogy is that it can be strict and disciplined, almost military style, therefore enjoyment, which should be a major factor, is low on the list of achievements and participating in both PE and sport should definitely achieve this. Lessons become predictable and children tend to pay less attention due to boredom, therefore not much learning will take place. Also, too much structure wont allow those with less ability to achieve the aimed outcome and, instead, may become stressed at their inability to master the skill. This could also damage their confidence. By not allowing children to think for themselves, it reduces their scope of learning and their tactical skills will be limited. Non-linear pedagogy is not without its faults. At school level, it may lack adequate theoretical teaching from a motors learning perspective. Receiving little instruction from the teacher can result in the child not being able to make the correct decision. It is very difficult to measure whether or not the children are learning anything and it can look a lot like chaos (Mack, et al, 2000). Conclusion Taking into consideration the research and my own interpretation, it is encouraging to see that both PE and sports has a positive affect on majority of children. However, my findings highlight the need for schools to reconsider their method of teaching PE. Other less traditional styles should be implemented to enhance the enjoyment of the lesson, which may encourage children to continue their interest in extra-curriculum sporting activities and perhaps join sporting clubs upon leaving school. This will then increase the number of potential elite athletes. Further research needs to be undertaken to investigate the effects of social behaviour in children. For example, how does participating in PE and sports help reduce crime rate? What can the government do to ensure people from deprived areas are given more opportunities to partake in sport? Overall, any type of physical activity should be a part of everyones lifestyle. Although playing sport is more of an individual choice, it is vital that PE remains a compulsory part of the curriculum at schools as this is the grass roots encouragement they require to continue in their enjoyment and progress to playing sport after leaving school. Reference list: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/sport http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Physical+education Ones I have not used yet: http://www.tgfu.org/taskforce/index.htm http://www.citejournal.org/vol1/iss1/currentissues/english/article1.htm http://www.suite101.com/content/teaching-breathing-exercises-for-singing-a146136 http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5002249790 http://www.bmj.com/content/327/7415/592.full

The Scientific Method

Dianna Baldwin SCI 230 The Scientific Method The first step in the scientific method is to observe. When you are observing you are discovering what is going on around you. The second step in the scientific method is question. To question one must make an attempt to explain the observation that was made. The next step in the scientific method is making a hypothesis. A hypothesis is made to predict a solution and an outcome. The fourth step in the scientific method is making a prediction. When making a prediction you are indicating the outcome. Next is the conclusion.The conclusion details the findings of the testing. This then leads to the final step which is the results. The results are whether your findings based on the hypothesis are supported or refuted. In the activity I applied the steps of the scientific method by observing what was said in the captions and what was happening in the picture. I then had to question what was going on with my observation. I then made a hypothesis and tested the hypothesis and made a prediction. Then based on the outcome of the testing I found the conclusion and gathered the results.A real – life situation that I have used the scientific method would be when I flipped the light switch the light did not come on. I observed the light did not come on when I turned it on. I then questioned what may be the problem. Is it a burnt out bulb or something more complex. I then made a hypothesis on what I thought the problem was. My best guess was the light bulb was burnt out. I predicted that if I change the light bulb and put in a new one it would work just fine. I changed the light bulb and it was indeed burnt out. My hypothesis was supported. The Scientific Method The scientific method is a hypothesis-driven process of inquiry. The goal is to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments. This week we were asked to complete the scientific method activity on the student website. I participated in both experiments, but I found the car experiment to be a bit more of a challenge. I had to apply the steps of the scientific method several times before I finally arrived at a resolution. The Car Experiment. The car experiment began with an observation; something is wrong with the vehicle because it will not start. In an effort to explain my observation I ask the question; â€Å"Why won’t the vehicle start? † There could be a number of reasons why the vehicle will not start, so the next step is to hypothesize the solution and outcome. The website provided us with the following 3 hypotheses: 1. The car needs fluids. 2. The car battery is not working. 3. There are electrical problems. The next step is to make a prediction. I predicted that the vehicle must have an issue with the battery. I chose this hypothesis first, because it is not uncommon for someone to leave a dome light on and accidently drain their battery. While it is not uncommon to run out of fuel, I did not select this answer because in this day and age most vehicle owners keep an eye on their fuel levels to ensure that they have an adequate amount for the next day. The conclusion details the findings of your prediction. In this case the vehicle’s battery was fine. The results tie back into my hypothesis. The result was refuted, and I must now begin the process from the top to find the correct scientific method to remedy the problem. I had to repeat the scientific method 3 times until I found the solution to my problem. The vehicle had faulty electrical issues, and once the fuses were replaced it started right up. A real-life problem that I could use the scientific method to solve is a problem I have been having recently with my new vacuum. It is less than 3 months old and it has been acting strangely. I can use it one day for an hour without any problems, and two days later I can turn it on but it will only work for 3 or 4 minutes before shutting off. The steps that I would take to solve the problem are: 1. Make an Observation 2. Question: â€Å"Why is my vacuum not working properly? † 3. Thesis: Develop a hypothesis about why the vacuum may be acting strangely. It has electrical problems. It is clogged. It is faulty and I should contact the manufacturer. 4. Prediction 5. Conclusion 6. Results The Scientific Method The Scientific Method Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0130-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Observations Data Table 1: Scientific Method Data Unknown Sample Number #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Hypothesis:Coffee Potting soilBrown sugarBaby powderFlowerBaking powderColor:Dark brown Old copper(sepia, maroon)Light BrownWhiteWhiteWhite Texture:It’s coarse& fragile particleVery coarse and grittyThe particle is sticky and a bit grittyVery Soft particle &silkyVery softVery soft Shape:In general, it’s coarse-grainedNot regularCoarse-grainedVery fine. It’s difficult to look in detailCoarse-grainedC oarse-grained Smell:It’s totally coffeeNo smell or a faint scant Sweet tasteVery nice. It’s just delicate baby smellNo smellNo smell Soluble:SolubleInsolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleSoluble Density:The dense is less than baby powder(0. 182 g/cm3)Little dense/it’s similar as #6(0. g/cm3)Low dense (0. 467 g/cm3)High dense (0. 867 g/cm3)It’s similar as #6 (0. 454 g/cm3)It’s similar as #5 (0. 5 g/cm3) Conclusion:CoffeePotting soilBrown sugarBaby powderFlowerBaking powder Data Table 2: Calculating Density of Unknown Samples U nk no wn S a m p l e Number Mass of full vial & bag (g) Mass of empty vial & bag (g) Mass of unknown sample (g) Volume (cm3) Density (g/cm3) #12. 0g1. 8g0. 2g1. 1 cm30. 182 #22. 5g1. 8g0. 7g1. 4 cm30. 5 #32. 5g1. 8g0. 7g1. 5 cm30. 467 #43. 0g1. 8g1. 2g1. 5 cm30. 867 #52. 3g1. 8g0. 5g1. 1 cm3 cm30. 454 #62. 5g1. 8g0. 7g1. 4 cm30. 5 The Scientific Method The Scientific Method is a complex, yet simple process. It was designed to help scientist and every day people who face problems come up with a logical and tested solution. According to authors Pruitt and Underwood (2006), The Scientific Method is defined as â€Å"the set of procedures that form the rational approach to studying the natural world. † This method can be applied to something dealing with science or something that deals with everyday life. In the below paragraphs, this writer will explain the scientific method and how it was used to achieve results in a web-based experiment as well as a real life situation. This writer would begin the web-based experiment by researching and discover why plants grow towards the light. Once the results of the search are gathered, this writer would produce a hypothesis. The possible hypothesis is; plants grow toward the light because it is a critical part of the process known as Photosynthesis. This writer’s prediction is that if a plant is placed to grow near a window, the plant will lean toward the light. For the experiment, this writer would put three plants on a table with a window to the left of them and three plants on a table with a window to the right of them. Over the course of three weeks, this writer will observe and document the plants reaction to the light coming through the window. After careful review of the information documented, this writer can safely conclude that the plants with the window to the right of them, grew bent toward the light and the plants with the window to the left of them grew bent toward the light. This information does support my hypothesis that plants grow toward the light to help with the Photosynthesis process. There were many problems that this writer could have tested, but decided to test the most important one of all. This writer’s daughter is at the stage in her life where she is taking off her pamper, but refuses to become potty trained. What is causing this? Not unlike other parents and scientists, this question came from a problem that needed a solution. Through personal experimentation as well as information compiled through secondary sources, this writer came up with effective ways to potty train their daughter properly. While observing the child, this writer noted that whenever the child needed to use the bathroom, she would cross her legs. After the child would receive some type of drink, approximately 20 minutes, she would again start to cross her legs. It became very apparent that the child was very ready to become potty trained. Through these observations, this writer produced her hypothesis. If this writer puts the child on the pot 20 minutes after she ingests any type of drink, the child will gradually become potty trained. This writer tried this method of potty training for two days. During those days, the child did successfully use the pot at the times this writer put her on it, but the child still had accidents on herself. With this information, this writer concluded that their methods were unsuccessful. This writer researched potty training techniques to construct a new hypothesis. According to the Mayo Clinic website (1998-2011), â€Å"when you notice signs that your child may need to use the toilet- such as squirming, squatting or holding the genital area- respond quickly. Once the child successfully uses the toilet, there should be some type of praise. Some people use stickers on a chart and others give special treats such as candy or an extra bedtime story (Infant and toddler health, 1998-2011). With using these techniques as well as cutting off all liquids that the child receives at eight o’ clock every day, this writer has found that the child has not had a day time potty accident in t hree days. Consistent monitoring of children while actively trying to potty train is the most important thing to do if successful results are desired. While potty training is no small feat, each parent who tackles this task knows that not every parent is the same and not all methods work for every child. This is something that will be learned on a case-by-case base. While the two experiments conducted are drastically different, they are both similar in the way that they both followed the Scientific Method. With a sound hypothesis and a thirst for knowledge, using the Scientific Method will always provide valid results backed by science. References Potty training: How to get the job done. (1998-2011). Infant and toddler health. Retrieved on March 24, 2011 from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/potty-training/CC00060 Pruitt, N. L. , & Underwood, L. S. (2006). Bioinquiry: Making connections in biology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Stein Carter, J. (1996). The Scientific Method. Retrieved on March 24, 2011 from http://biology. clc. uc. edu/courses/bio104/sci_meth. htm The Scientific Method The Scientific Method Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0130-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Observations Data Table 1: Scientific Method Data Unknown Sample Number #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Hypothesis:Coffee Potting soilBrown sugarBaby powderFlowerBaking powderColor:Dark brown Old copper(sepia, maroon)Light BrownWhiteWhiteWhite Texture:It’s coarse& fragile particleVery coarse and grittyThe particle is sticky and a bit grittyVery Soft particle &silkyVery softVery soft Shape:In general, it’s coarse-grainedNot regularCoarse-grainedVery fine. It’s difficult to look in detailCoarse-grainedC oarse-grained Smell:It’s totally coffeeNo smell or a faint scant Sweet tasteVery nice. It’s just delicate baby smellNo smellNo smell Soluble:SolubleInsolubleSolubleSolubleSolubleSoluble Density:The dense is less than baby powder(0. 182 g/cm3)Little dense/it’s similar as #6(0. g/cm3)Low dense (0. 467 g/cm3)High dense (0. 867 g/cm3)It’s similar as #6 (0. 454 g/cm3)It’s similar as #5 (0. 5 g/cm3) Conclusion:CoffeePotting soilBrown sugarBaby powderFlowerBaking powder Data Table 2: Calculating Density of Unknown Samples U nk no wn S a m p l e Number Mass of full vial & bag (g) Mass of empty vial & bag (g) Mass of unknown sample (g) Volume (cm3) Density (g/cm3) #12. 0g1. 8g0. 2g1. 1 cm30. 182 #22. 5g1. 8g0. 7g1. 4 cm30. 5 #32. 5g1. 8g0. 7g1. 5 cm30. 467 #43. 0g1. 8g1. 2g1. 5 cm30. 867 #52. 3g1. 8g0. 5g1. 1 cm3 cm30. 454 #62. 5g1. 8g0. 7g1. 4 cm30. 5

Welfare of economics

Advertising Is form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some actions upon products, Ideals or services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefits the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to could benefits the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to consume that particular band.These messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various media. Advertising can also to communicate an idea to a large number of people In an attempt to convince them to take a certain action. Marketing or selling costs Marketing or selling costs include all costs necessary to secure customer orders and get the finished product into the hands of customers. These costs are often called order getting or order filling costs.Examples of marketing or selling costs include advertising costs, shipping costs, sales commission and sales salary. Administrative A dministrative costs Include all executive, organizational and clerical costs associated with general management of an organization rather than with manufacturing racketing pr selling. Examples of administrative costs include executive compensation general accounting secretarial public relations and similar costs involved in the overall general administration of the organization as whole (Thompson 1985).Non Profit organizations may rely on free modes of persuasion such as a public services announcement. Advertising, In Its non- commercial guise, is a powerful educational tool capable of reaching and motivating large audiences. â€Å"Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest – it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes.Public service advertising, non-commercial advertising, public interest advertising, cause marketing, and social marketing are different terms for (or aspects of) the use of sophisticated advertising and marke ting communications techniques (generally associated with commercial enterprise) on behalf of non-commercial, public Interest Issues and initiatives. Virtually any medium can be used for advertising.Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television adverts, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web opus, skywriting, bus stop benches, human billboards and forehead advertising, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of on setback tray tables or overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts and passenger screens, musical stage shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic bands on disposable diapers, doors of bathroom stalls, stickers on apples in supermarkets, shopping cart handles (exacerbating), the opening section of streaming audio and video, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an identified† sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.Digital Advertising Television advertising The television commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, as is reflected by the high prices television networks charge for commercial airtime during popular events. The annual Super Bowl football game in the United States is known as the most prominent advertising event on television. The average cost of a single thirty-second television spot during this game reached IIS$3. 5 million in 2012. Virtual advertisements may be inserted into regular arrogating through computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops or used to replace local billboards that are not relevant to the remote broadcast audience. More controversially, virtual billboards may be inserted into the background where none exist in real-life.This technique is especially used in televised sporting events. Virtual product placement is also possible. Radio advertising Radio advertising is a form of advertising via the medium of radio. Radio advertisements are broadcast as radio waves to the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. Airtime is purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the commercials. While radio has the limitation of being restricted to sound, proponents of radio advertising often cite this as an advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found not only on air, but also online. According to Arbitration, radio has approximately 241. Million weekly listeners, or more than 93 percent of the U. S. Population. Online advertising Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web or the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Online ads are delivered by an ad server. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads that appear on search engine results pages, banner ads, in text ads, Rich Media Ads, S ocial network advertising, online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam. Product placements Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media.For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a finite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruiser's character John Anderson owns a phone with the Monika logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgaria logo. Another example of advertising in film is in l, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them â€Å"classics†, because the film is set far in the future. L, Robot and Spacewalks also showcase futuristic cars with the Audio and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie were used

Cal State Bakersfield Admission SAT Scores, Admit Rate

The California State University at Bakersfield (CSUB) is not overly selective despite its acceptance rate of 61 percent. Applicants will have a good chance of being admitted if they have grades in the B range or higher. SAT and ACT scores are optional for students who meet certain GPA and class rank minimums. Applicants will need to have successfully completed a core curriculum of English, math, social science, language, and art classes to be considered for admission. Admissions Data (2017) Cal State Bakersfield Acceptance Rate: 61 percentCSUB GPA, SAT and ACT Score GraphCompare Cal State SAT ScoresCompare Cal State ACT Scores Cal State Bakersfield Description Cal State Bakersfield is located on a 375-acre campus in Bakersfield, a city in the San Joaquin Valley situated midway between Fresno and Los Angeles. The university offers 31 bachelors and 17 graduate degree programs. Among undergraduates, business administration and the liberal arts and sciences are the most popular majors. Academics are supported by a less-than-ideal 27 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Most students commute to Cal State Bakersfield, but the school does have 90 student clubs and organizations. In athletics, the Roadrunners compete in the NCAA Division I  Western Athletic Conference. Bakersfield is one of the  23 Cal State schools. Enrollment (2017) Total Enrollment: 10,131  (8,814 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 39 percent male / 61 percent female85 percent full-time Costs (2017 - 18) Tuition and Fees: $7,147 (in-state); $19,027 (out-of-state)Books: $1,948 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,968Other Expenses: $2,974Total Cost: $25,966 (in-state); $37,846 (out-of-state) Cal State Bakersfield Financial Aid (2016  - 17) Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 92 percentPercentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 89 percentLoans: 32 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $9,913Loans: $5,280 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice Studies, Early Childhood Education, English, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Nursing, Psychology, Sociology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 76 percentTransfer Out Rate: 3 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 14 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 41 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Baseball, Swimming, Track and Field, Wrestling, Soccer, Golf, BasketballWomens Sports:  Track and Field, Water Polo, Volleyball, Basketball, Soccer, Softball, Swimming Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Cal State Bakersfield, You May Also Like These Schools University of California - Davis: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Riverside: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphChapman University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMills College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPitzer College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStanford University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Admissions Profiles for Other Cal State Campuses Bakersfield  | Channel Islands  | Chico  | Dominquez Hills  | East Bay  | Fresno State  | Fullerton  | Humboldt  | Long Beach  | Los Angeles  | Maritime  | Monterey Bay  | Northridge  | Pomona (Cal Poly)  | Sacramento  | San Bernardino  | San Diego  | San Francisco  | San Jose State  | San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly)  | San Marcos  | Sonoma State  | Stanislaus More California Public University Information SAT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsACT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsThe University of California SystemSAT Score Comparison for the UC SystemACT Score Comparison for the UC System